MySQL Reference Manual for version 3.23.14-alpha.

• 1 General Information about MySQL
  • 1.1 What is MySQL?
  • 1.2 About this manual
    • 1.2.1 Conventions used in this manual
  • 1.3 History of MySQL
  • 1.4 Books about MySQL
  • 1.5 The main features of MySQL
  • 1.6 How stable is MySQL?
  • 1.7 Year 2000 compliance
  • 1.8 General SQL information and tutorials
  • 1.9 Useful MySQL-related links
• 2 MySQL mailing lists and how to ask questions or report errors (bugs)
  • 2.1 The MySQL mailing lists
  • 2.2 Asking questions or reporting bugs
  • 2.3 How to report bugs or problems
  • 2.4 Guidelines for answering questions on the mailing list
• 3 MySQL licensing and support
  • 3.1 MySQL licensing policy
  • 3.2 MySQL licensing policy on Win32
  • 3.3 Copyrights used by MySQL
    • 3.3.1 Possible future copyright changes
  • 3.4 Distributing MySQL commercially
  • 3.5 Example licensing situations
    • 3.5.1 Selling products that use MySQL
    • 3.5.2 Selling MySQL-related services
    • 3.5.3 ISP MySQL services
    • 3.5.4 Running a web server using MySQL
  • 3.6 MySQL licensing and support costs
    • 3.6.1 Payment information
    • 3.6.2 Contact information
  • 3.7 Types of commercial support
    • 3.7.1 Basic email support
    • 3.7.2 Extended email support
    • 3.7.3 Login support
    • 3.7.4 Extended login support
• 4 Installing MySQL
  • 4.1 How to get MySQL
  • 4.2 Operating systems supported by MySQL
  • 4.3 Which MySQL version to use
  • 4.4 How and when updates are released
  • 4.5 Installation layouts
  • 4.6 Installing a MySQL binary distribution
    • 4.6.1 Linux RPM notes
    • 4.6.2 Building client programs
    • 4.6.3 System-specific issues
      • 4.6.3.1 Linux notes
      • 4.6.3.2 HP-UX notes
  • 4.7 Installing a MySQL source distribution
    • 4.7.1 Quick installation overview
    • 4.7.2 Applying patches
    • 4.7.3 Typical configure options
  • 4.8 Problems compiling?
  • 4.9 MIT-pthreads notes
  • 4.10 Perl installation comments
    • 4.10.1 Installing Perl on Unix
    • 4.10.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Win32
    • 4.10.3 Installing the MySQL Perl distribution on Win32
    • 4.10.4 Problems using the Perl DBI/DBD interface
  • 4.11 System-specific issues
    • 4.11.1 Solaris notes
    • 4.11.2 Solaris 2.7 notes
    • 4.11.3 Solaris x86 notes
    • 4.11.4 SunOS 4 notes
    • 4.11.5 Linux notes (all Linux versions)
      • 4.11.5.1 Linux-x86 notes
      • 4.11.5.2 RedHat 5.0 notes
      • 4.11.5.3 RedHat 5.1 notes
      • 4.11.5.4 Linux-SPARC notes
      • 4.11.5.5 Linux-Alpha notes
      • 4.11.5.6 MkLinux notes
      • 4.11.5.7 Qube2 Linux notes
    • 4.11.6 Alpha-DEC-Unix notes
    • 4.11.7 Alpha-DEC-OSF1 notes
    • 4.11.8 SGI-Irix notes
    • 4.11.9 FreeBSD notes
    • 4.11.10 NetBSD notes
    • 4.11.11 OpenBSD 2.5 notes
    • 4.11.12 BSD/OS notes
      • 4.11.12.1 BSD/OS 2.x notes
      • 4.11.12.2 BSD/OS 3.x notes
      • 4.11.12.3 BSD/OS 4.x notes
    • 4.11.13 SCO notes
    • 4.11.14 SCO Unixware 7.0 notes
    • 4.11.15 IBM-AIX notes
    • 4.11.16 HP-UX 10.20 notes
    • 4.11.17 HP-UX 11.x notes
    • 4.11.18 MacOS X notes
  • 4.12 Win32 notes
    • 4.12.1 Installing MySQL on Win32
    • 4.12.2 Starting MySQL on Win95 / Win98
    • 4.12.3 Starting MySQL on NT
    • 4.12.4 Running MySQL on Win32
    • 4.12.5 Connecting to a remote MySQL from Win32 with SSH
    • 4.12.6 MySQL-Win32 compared to Unix MySQL
  • 4.13 OS/2 notes
  • 4.14 TcX binaries
  • 4.15 Post-installation setup and testing
    • 4.15.1 Problems running mysql_install_db
    • 4.15.2 Problems starting the MySQL server
    • 4.15.3 Starting and stopping MySQL automatically
    • 4.15.4 Option files
  • 4.16 Is there anything special to do when upgrading/downgrading MySQL?
    • 4.16.1 Upgrading from a 3.22 version to 3.23
    • 4.16.2 Upgrading from a 3.21 version to 3.22
    • 4.16.3 Upgrading from a 3.20 version to 3.21
    • 4.16.4 Upgrading to another architecture
• 5 How standards-compatible is MySQL?
  • 5.1 MySQL extensions to ANSI SQL92
  • 5.2 Runnning MySQL in ANSI mode
  • 5.3 MySQL differences compared to ANSI SQL92
  • 5.4 Functionality missing from MySQL
    • 5.4.1 Sub-selects
    • 5.4.2 SELECT INTO TABLE
    • 5.4.3 Transactions
    • 5.4.4 Stored procedures and triggers
    • 5.4.5 Foreign Keys
      • 5.4.5.1 Reasons NOT to use foreign keys
    • 5.4.6 Views
    • 5.4.7 `--' as the start of a comment
  • 5.5 What standards does MySQL follow?
  • 5.6 How to cope without COMMIT/ROLLBACK
• 6 The MySQL access privilege system
  • 6.1 General security
  • 6.2 How to make MySQL secure against crackers
  • 6.3 What the privilege system does
  • 6.4 MySQL user names and passwords
  • 6.5 Connecting to the MySQL server
  • 6.6 Keeping your password secure
  • 6.7 Privileges provided by MySQL
  • 6.8 How the privilege system works
  • 6.9 Access control, stage 1: Connection verification
  • 6.10 Access control, stage 2: Request verification
  • 6.11 When privilege changes take effect
  • 6.12 Setting up the initial MySQL privileges
  • 6.13 Adding new user privileges to MySQL
  • 6.14 How to set up passwords
  • 6.15 Causes of Access denied errors
• 7 MySQL language reference
  • 7.1 Literals: how to write strings and numbers
    • 7.1.1 Strings
    • 7.1.2 Numbers
    • 7.1.3 Hexadecimal values
    • 7.1.4 NULL values
    • 7.1.5 Database, table, index, column and alias names
      • 7.1.5.1 Case sensitivity in names
  • 7.2 User variables
  • 7.3 Column types
    • 7.3.1 Column type storage requirements
    • 7.3.5 Numeric types
    • 7.3.6 Date and time types
      • 7.3.6.1 Y2K issues and date types
      • 7.3.6.2 The DATETIME, DATE and TIMESTAMP types
      • 7.3.6.3 The TIME type
      • 7.3.6.4 The YEAR type
    • 7.3.7 String types
      • 7.3.7.1 The CHAR and VARCHAR types
      • 7.3.7.2 The BLOB and TEXT types
      • 7.3.7.3 The ENUM type
      • 7.3.7.4 The SET type
    • 7.3.8 Choosing the right type for a column
    • 7.3.9 Column indexes
    • 7.3.10 Multiple-column indexes
    • 7.3.11 Using column types from other database engines
  • 7.4 Functions for use in SELECT and WHERE clauses
    • 7.4.1 Grouping functions
    • 7.4.2 Normal arithmetic operations
    • 7.4.3 Bit functions
    • 7.4.4 Logical operations
    • 7.4.5 Comparison operators
    • 7.4.6 String comparison functions
    • 7.4.7 Cast operators
    • 7.4.8 Control flow functions
    • 7.4.9 Mathematical functions
    • 7.4.10 String functions
    • 7.4.11 Date and time functions
    • 7.4.12 Miscellaneous functions
    • 7.4.13 Functions for use with GROUP BY clauses
  • 7.5 CREATE DATABASE syntax
  • 7.6 DROP DATABASE syntax
  • 7.7 CREATE TABLE syntax
    • 7.7.1 Silent column specification changes
  • 7.8 ALTER TABLE syntax
  • 7.9 DROP TABLE syntax
  • 7.10 OPTIMIZE TABLE syntax
  • 7.11 CHECK TABLE syntax
  • 7.12 REPAIR TABLE syntax
  • 7.13 DELETE syntax
  • 7.14 SELECT syntax
  • 7.15 JOIN syntax
  • 7.16 INSERT syntax
  • 7.17 REPLACE syntax
  • 7.18 LOAD DATA INFILE syntax
  • 7.19 UPDATE syntax
  • 7.20 USE syntax
  • 7.21 FLUSH syntax (clearing caches)
  • 7.22 KILL syntax
  • 7.23 SHOW syntax (Get information about tables, columns,...)
  • 7.24 EXPLAIN syntax (Get information about a SELECT)
  • 7.25 DESCRIBE syntax (Get information about columns)
  • 7.26 LOCK TABLES/UNLOCK TABLES syntax
  • 7.27 SET syntax
  • 7.28 GRANT and REVOKE syntax
  • 7.29 CREATE INDEX syntax
  • 7.30 DROP INDEX syntax
  • 7.31 Comment syntax
  • 7.32 CREATE FUNCTION/DROP FUNCTION syntax
  • 7.33 Is MySQL picky about reserved words?
• 8 MySQL table types
  • 8.1 MyISAM tables
    • 8.1.1 Space needed for keys
    • 8.1.2 MyISAM table formats
      • 8.1.2.1 Static (Fixed-length) table characteristics
      • 8.1.2.2 Dynamic table characteristics
      • 8.1.2.3 Compressed table characteristics
  • 8.2 ISAM tables
  • 8.3 HEAP tables
• 9 MySQL Tutorial
  • 9.1 Connecting to and disconnecting from the server
  • 9.2 Entering queries
  • 9.3 Examples of common queries
    • 9.3.1 The maximum value for column
    • 9.3.2 The row holding the maximum of a certain column
    • 9.3.3 Maximum of column: per group: only the values
    • 9.3.4 The rows holding the group-wise maximum of a certain field
    • 9.3.5 Using foreign keys
  • 9.4 Searching on two keys
  • 9.5 Creating and using a database
    • 9.5.1 Creating and selecting a database
    • 9.5.2 Creating a table
    • 9.5.3 Loading data into a table
    • 9.5.4 Retrieving information from a table
      • 9.5.4.1 Selecting all data
      • 9.5.4.2 Selecting particular rows
      • 9.5.4.3 Selecting particular columns
      • 9.5.4.4 Sorting rows
      • 9.5.4.5 Date calculations
      • 9.5.4.6 Working with NULL values
      • 9.5.4.7 Pattern matching
      • 9.5.4.8 Counting rows
    • 9.5.5 Using more than one table
  • 9.6 Getting information about databases and tables
  • 9.7 Using mysql in batch mode
  • 9.8 Queries from twin project
    • 9.8.1 Find all non-distributed twins
    • 9.8.2 Show a table on twin pair status
• 10 MySQL server functions
  • 10.1 What languages are supported by MySQL?
    • 10.1.1 The character set used for data and sorting
    • 10.1.2 Adding a new character set
    • 10.1.3 Multi-byte character support
  • 10.2 The update log
  • 10.3 How big MySQL tables can be
• 11 Getting maximum performance from MySQL
  • 11.1 Optimization overview
  • 11.2 System/Compile time and startup parameter tuning
    • 11.2.1 How compiling and linking affects the speed of MySQL
    • 11.2.2 Disk issues
      • 11.2.2.1 Using symbolic links for databases and tables
    • 11.2.3 Tuning server parameters
    • 11.2.4 How MySQL opens and closes tables
    • 11.2.5 Drawbacks of creating large numbers of tables in the same database
    • 11.2.6 Why so many open tables?
    • 11.2.7 How MySQL uses memory
    • 11.2.8 How MySQL locks tables
    • 11.2.9 Table locking issues
  • 11.3 Get your data as small as possible
  • 11.4 MySQL index use
  • 11.5 Speed of queries that access or update data
    • 11.5.1 Estimating query performance
    • 11.5.2 Speed of SELECT queries
    • 11.5.3 How MySQL optimizes WHERE clauses
    • 11.5.4 How MySQL optimizes LEFT JOIN
    • 11.5.5 How MySQL optimizes LIMIT
    • 11.5.6 Speed of INSERT queries
    • 11.5.7 Speed of UPDATE queries
    • 11.5.8 Speed of DELETE queries
  • 11.6 Other optimization tips
  • 11.7 Using your own benchmarks
  • 11.8 Design choices
  • 11.9 MySQL design limitations/tradeoffs
  • 11.10 Portability
  • 11.11 What have we used MySQL for?
• 12 The MySQL benchmark suite
• 13 MySQL Utilites
  • 13.1 Overview of the different MySQL programs
  • 13.2 The command line tool
  • 13.3 Administering a MySQL server
  • 13.4 Dumping the structure and data from MySQL databases and tables
  • 13.5 Importing data from text files
  • 13.6 Showing databases, tables and columns
  • 13.7 The MySQL compressed read-only table generator
• 14 Maintaining a MySQL installation
  • 14.1 Using myisamchk for table maintenance and crash recovery
    • 14.1.1 myisamchk invocation syntax
    • 14.1.2 myisamchk memory usage
  • 14.2 Setting up a table maintenance regimen
  • 14.3 Getting information about a table
  • 14.4 Using myisamchk for crash recovery
    • 14.4.1 How to check tables for errors
    • 14.4.2 How to repair tables
    • 14.4.3 Table optimization
  • 14.5 Log file maintenance
• 15 Adding new functions to MySQL
  • 15.1 Adding a new user-definable function
    • 15.1.1 UDF calling sequences
    • 15.1.2 Argument processing
    • 15.1.3 Return values and error handling
    • 15.1.4 Compiling and installing user-definable functions
  • 15.2 Adding a new native function
• 16 Adding new procedures to MySQL
  • 16.1 Procedure analyse
  • 16.2 Writing a procedure.
• 17 MySQL ODBC Support
  • 17.1 Operating systems supported by MyODBC
  • 17.2 How to fill in the various fields in the ODBC administrator program
  • 17.3 How to report problems with MyODBC
  • 17.4 Programs known to work with MyODBC
  • 17.5 How to get the value of an AUTO_INCREMENT column in ODBC
  • 17.6 Reporting problems with MyODBC
• 18 Using MySQL with some common programs
  • 18.1 Using MySQL with Apache
• 19 Problems and common errors
  • 19.1 What to do if MySQL keeps crashing
  • 19.2 Some common errors when using MySQL
    • 19.2.1 MySQL server has gone away error
    • 19.2.2 Can't connect to [local] MySQL server error
    • 19.2.3 Host '...' is blocked error
    • 19.2.4 Too many connections error
    • 19.2.5 Out of memory error
    • 19.2.6 Packet too large error
    • 19.2.7 The table is full error
    • 19.2.8 Commands out of sync error in client
    • 19.2.9 Ignoring user error
    • 19.2.10 Table 'xxx' doesn't exist error
  • 19.3 How MySQL handles a full disk
  • 19.4 How to run SQL commands from a text file
  • 19.5 Where MySQL stores temporary files
  • 19.6 How to protect `/tmp/mysql.sock' from being deleted
  • 19.7 Access denied error
  • 19.8 How to run MySQL as a normal user
  • 19.9 How to reset a forgotten password.
  • 19.10 Problems with file permissions
  • 19.11 File not found
  • 19.12 Problems using DATE columns
  • 19.13 Timezone problems
  • 19.14 Case sensitivity in searches
  • 19.15 Problems with NULL values
  • 19.16 Problems with alias
  • 19.17 Deleting rows from related tables
  • 19.18 Solving problems with no matching rows
  • 19.19 Problems with ALTER TABLE.
  • 19.20 How to change the order of columns in a table
• 20 Solving some common problems with MySQL
  • 20.1 Database replication
  • 20.2 Database backups
  • 20.3 Running multiple MySQL servers on the same machine
• 21 MySQL client tools and APIs
  • 21.1 MySQL C API
  • 21.2 C API datatypes
  • 21.3 C API function overview
  • 21.4 C API function descriptions
    • 21.4.1 mysql_affected_rows()
    • 21.4.2 mysql_close()
    • 21.4.3 mysql_connect()
    • 21.4.4 mysql_change_user()
    • 21.4.5 mysql_create_db()
    • 21.4.6 mysql_data_seek()
    • 21.4.7 mysql_debug()
    • 21.4.8 mysql_drop_db()
    • 21.4.9 mysql_dump_debug_info()
    • 21.4.10 mysql_eof()
    • 21.4.11 mysql_errno()
    • 21.4.12 mysql_error()
    • 21.4.13 mysql_escape_string()
    • 21.4.14 mysql_fetch_field()
    • 21.4.15 mysql_fetch_fields()
    • 21.4.16 mysql_fetch_field_direct()
    • 21.4.17 mysql_fetch_lengths()
    • 21.4.18 mysql_fetch_row()
    • 21.4.19 mysql_field_count()
    • 21.4.20 mysql_field_seek()
    • 21.4.21 mysql_field_tell()
    • 21.4.22 mysql_free_result()
    • 21.4.23 mysql_get_client_info()
    • 21.4.24 mysql_get_host_info()
    • 21.4.25 mysql_get_proto_info()
    • 21.4.26 mysql_get_server_info()
    • 21.4.27 mysql_info()
    • 21.4.28 mysql_init()
    • 21.4.29 mysql_insert_id()
    • 21.4.30 mysql_kill()
    • 21.4.31 mysql_list_dbs()
    • 21.4.32 mysql_list_fields()
    • 21.4.33 mysql_list_processes()
    • 21.4.34 mysql_list_tables()
    • 21.4.35 mysql_num_fields()
    • 21.4.36 mysql_num_rows()
    • 21.4.37 mysql_options()
    • 21.4.38 mysql_ping()
    • 21.4.39 mysql_query()
    • 21.4.40 mysql_real_connect()
    • 21.4.41 mysql_real_query()
    • 21.4.42 mysql_reload()
    • 21.4.43 mysql_row_seek()
    • 21.4.44 mysql_row_tell()
    • 21.4.45 mysql_select_db()
    • 21.4.46 mysql_shutdown()
    • 21.4.47 mysql_stat()
    • 21.4.48 mysql_store_result()
    • 21.4.49 mysql_thread_id()
    • 21.4.50 mysql_use_result()
    • 21.4.51 Why is it that after mysql_query() returns success, mysql_store_result() sometimes returns NULL?
    • 21.4.52 What results can I get from a query?
    • 21.4.53 How can I get the unique ID for the last inserted row?
    • 21.4.54 Problems linking with the C API
    • 21.4.55 How to make a thread-safe client
  • 21.5 MySQL Perl API
    • 21.5.1 DBI with DBD::mysql
    • 21.5.2 The DBI interface
    • 21.5.3 More DBI/DBD information
  • 21.6 MySQL Eiffel wrapper
  • 21.7 MySQL Java connectivity (JDBC)
  • 21.8 MySQL PHP API
    • 21.8.1 Common problems with MySQL and PHP
  • 21.9 MySQL C++ APIs
  • 21.10 MySQL Python APIs
  • 21.11 MySQL TCL APIs
• 22 How MySQL compares to other databases
  • 22.1 How MySQL compares to mSQL
    • 22.1.1 How to convert mSQL tools for MySQL
    • 22.1.2 How mSQL and MySQL client/server communications protocols differ
    • 22.1.3 How mSQL 2.0 SQL syntax differs from MySQL
  • 22.2 How MySQL compares to PostgreSQL
• 23 MySQL internals
  • 23.1 MySQL threads
• A Environment variables
• B Some MySQL users
  • B.1 General news sites
  • B.2 Some Web search engines
  • B.3 Some Information search engines concentrated on some area
  • B.4 Online magazines
  • B.5 Web sites the use MySQL as a backed
  • B.6 Some Domain/Internet/Web and related services
  • B.7 Web sites that use PHP and MySQL
  • B.8 Some MySQL consultants
  • B.9 Programming
  • B.10 Uncategorized pages
• C Contributed programs
  • C.1 API's
  • C.2 Clients
  • C.3 Web tools
  • C.4 Authentication tools
  • C.5 Converters
  • C.6 Using MySQL with other products
  • C.7 Useful tools
  • C.8 RPMs for common tools (Most are for RedHat 6.1)
  • C.9 Useful functions
  • C.10 Uncategorized
• D Contributors to MySQL
• E MySQL change history
  • E.1 Changes in release 3.23.x (Released as alpha)
    • E.1.1 Changes in release 3.23.14
    • E.1.2 Changes in release 3.23.13
    • E.1.3 Changes in release 3.23.12
    • E.1.4 Changes in release 3.23.11
    • E.1.5 Changes in release 3.23.10
    • E.1.6 Changes in release 3.23.9
    • E.1.7 Changes in release 3.23.8
    • E.1.8 Changes in release 3.23.7
    • E.1.9 Changes in release 3.23.6
    • E.1.10 Changes in release 3.23.5
    • E.1.11 Changes in release 3.23.4
    • E.1.12 Changes in release 3.23.3
    • E.1.13 Changes in release 3.23.2
    • E.1.14 Changes in release 3.23.1
    • E.1.15 Changes in release 3.23.0
  • E.2 Changes in release 3.22.x
    • E.2.1 Changes in release 3.22.34
    • E.2.2 Changes in release 3.22.33
    • E.2.3 Changes in release 3.22.32
    • E.2.4 Changes in release 3.22.31
    • E.2.5 Changes in release 3.22.30
    • E.2.6 Changes in release 3.22.29
    • E.2.7 Changes in release 3.22.28
    • E.2.8 Changes in release 3.22.27
    • E.2.9 Changes in release 3.22.26
    • E.2.10 Changes in release 3.22.25
    • E.2.11 Changes in release 3.22.24
    • E.2.12 Changes in release 3.22.23
    • E.2.13 Changes in release 3.22.22
    • E.2.14 Changes in release 3.22.21
    • E.2.15 Changes in release 3.22.20
    • E.2.16 Changes in release 3.22.19
    • E.2.17 Changes in release 3.22.18
    • E.2.18 Changes in release 3.22.17
    • E.2.19 Changes in release 3.22.16
    • E.2.20 Changes in release 3.22.15
    • E.2.21 Changes in release 3.22.14
    • E.2.22 Changes in release 3.22.13
    • E.2.23 Changes in release 3.22.12
    • E.2.24 Changes in release 3.22.11
    • E.2.25 Changes in release 3.22.10
    • E.2.26 Changes in release 3.22.9
    • E.2.27 Changes in release 3.22.8
    • E.2.28 Changes in release 3.22.7
    • E.2.29 Changes in release 3.22.6
    • E.2.30 Changes in release 3.22.5
    • E.2.31 Changes in release 3.22.4
    • E.2.32 Changes in release 3.22.3
    • E.2.33 Changes in release 3.22.2
    • E.2.34 Changes in release 3.22.1
    • E.2.35 Changes in release 3.22.0
  • E.3 Changes in release 3.21.x
    • E.3.1 Changes in release 3.21.33
    • E.3.2 Changes in release 3.21.32
    • E.3.3 Changes in release 3.21.31
    • E.3.4 Changes in release 3.21.30
    • E.3.5 Changes in release 3.21.29
    • E.3.6 Changes in release 3.21.28
    • E.3.7 Changes in release 3.21.27
    • E.3.8 Changes in release 3.21.26
    • E.3.9 Changes in release 3.21.25
    • E.3.10 Changes in release 3.21.24
    • E.3.11 Changes in release 3.21.23
    • E.3.12 Changes in release 3.21.22
    • E.3.13 Changes in release 3.21.21a
    • E.3.14 Changes in release 3.21.21
    • E.3.15 Changes in release 3.21.20
    • E.3.16 Changes in release 3.21.19
    • E.3.17 Changes in release 3.21.18
    • E.3.18 Changes in release 3.21.17
    • E.3.19 Changes in release 3.21.16
    • E.3.20 Changes in release 3.21.15
    • E.3.21 Changes in release 3.21.14b
    • E.3.22 Changes in release 3.21.14a
    • E.3.23 Changes in release 3.21.13
    • E.3.24 Changes in release 3.21.12
    • E.3.25 Changes in release 3.21.11
    • E.3.26 Changes in release 3.21.10
    • E.3.27 Changes in release 3.21.9
    • E.3.28 Changes in release 3.21.8
    • E.3.29 Changes in release 3.21.7
    • E.3.30 Changes in release 3.21.6
    • E.3.31 Changes in release 3.21.5
    • E.3.32 Changes in release 3.21.4
    • E.3.33 Changes in release 3.21.3
    • E.3.34 Changes in release 3.21.2
    • E.3.35 Changes in release 3.21.0
  • E.4 Changes in release 3.20.x
    • E.4.1 Changes in release 3.20.18
    • E.4.2 Changes in release 3.20.17
    • E.4.3 Changes in release 3.20.16
    • E.4.4 Changes in release 3.20.15
    • E.4.5 Changes in release 3.20.14
    • E.4.6 Changes in release 3.20.13
    • E.4.7 Changes in release 3.20.11
    • E.4.8 Changes in release 3.20.10
    • E.4.9 Changes in release 3.20.9
    • E.4.10 Changes in release 3.20.8
    • E.4.11 Changes in release 3.20.7
    • E.4.12 Changes in release 3.20.6
    • E.4.13 Changes in release 3.20.3
    • E.4.14 Changes in release 3.20.0
  • E.5 Changes in release 3.19.x
    • E.5.1 Changes in release 3.19.5
    • E.5.2 Changes in release 3.19.4
    • E.5.3 Changes in release 3.19.3
• F Known errors and design deficiencies in MySQL
• G List of things we want to add to MySQL in the future (The TODO)
  • G.1 Things that must done in the real near future
  • G.2 Things that have to be done sometime
  • G.3 Some things we don't have any plans to do
• H Comments on porting to other systems
  • H.1 Debugging a MySQL server
  • H.2 Debugging a MySQL client
  • H.3 Comments about RTS threads
  • H.4 Differences between different thread packages
• I Description of MySQL regular expression syntax
• J What is Unireg?
• K The MySQL server license for non Microsoft operating systems
• L The MySQL license for Microsoft operating systems
• SQL command, type and function index
• Concept Index

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