Abstracts
1999/38
Replika Monologue: The Globe-Trotting
Waiter
Replika presents the monologue
of a man who travelled all around the world as the “offical” waiter of
different sport teams, including the Hungarian Olympic team. Accompanying
the sportsmen to Helsinki, Melbourne and Moscow, he was witness to their
success and failure, as well as to history, when 48 members of the team
did not return to Hungary after the 1956 Olympic Games.
Reception-Oriented Approach in Media
Research
The papers in this selection
explore how people use the media, with special emphasis on reception processes.
In their introductory essay, Tibor Dessewffy and Zoltán Gayer fit
reception theories into the theoretical and historical frame of media research
from the early ‘80s. David Morley’s Nationwide project, first published
in 1980, marks the beginning of a new approach in media research.
He is interested in how the reception and interpretation of the media-text
depend on the particular viewer’s social-, economic-, and subcultural embeddedness.
In his essay entitled Reception Analysis: Mass Communication as the Social
Production of Meaning, Klaus Bruhn Jensen discusses a qualitative reception
research from sociological and communicational aspects. The last
paper by Roger Silverstone, entitled On the Audience, critically reconsiders
the history and trends of reception theory from the viewpoint of his empirical
findings.
Migrants of World Cities
The papers in this thematic
section explore both theoretical questions considering late-modern world
cities, and the actual strategies used by immigrant ethnic groups.
In his already classic essay, Ulf Hannerz examines the cultural role of
world cities. He identifies four social categories or groups which
play significant role in the making of world cities (the transnational
businessmen, the immigrants from the third world, the specialists of expressive
activities, and the tourists), and discusses two constitutive elements
of the cultural flow both in world cities and between cities and the peripheries
(cultural market and special forms of life). Peter Niedermüller
examines the world city in the context of late-modernity and focuses on
the negotiation of ethnic identities by immigrant groups living on the
city’s periphery. The author gives an overall review of the anthropological/sociological
theories and the empirical analyses concerning the concepts of modernity,
late-modernity, city and ethnicity. In her study, Aysa Caglar explores
the reality of a particular urban ethnic minority: the Turks in Berlin,
and discusses in bourdieuan terms their strategies of social mobility.
In the last article, Paul Silverstein studies the transnational Alegrian-Berber
movement and the localized Breton and Occitan militant organizations.
He examines how discourses and practices of centralization and integration
have produced categories of non-national difference which immigrant and
ethnic minorities have appropriated to construct sub- and transnational
identities.
Debate
Syed Faid Alatas contributes
to the international debate on the colonization of the social sciences
started in the 1996 Replika English Special Issue. Alatas applies
the market analogy to the study of the state of the social sciences globally
as they relate to the First World. By criticizing the academic dependency
theory as the only articulated approach that utilizes this analogy, Alatas
suggests alternative metatheories, such as that of the rhetoric of social
science.
E-way: Information Society and National
Culture
Kristóf Nyíri
explores the relationship of information society and national culture in
a globalized world. He believes that in order to enable the local
labour force to successfully compete in the global labour market induced
by different information and communication technologies, the state has
to raise education and research to a high level. The successful competitor
has to speak at least one foreign language, and has to come from a national
culture which is distinctly open to the world.
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