Abstracts
1999/35
 


Replika Monologue: The Gaze of the Vagina
Replika presents the monologue of a woman who left Hungary at the end of her university studies in the early seventies and became a photographer in France. She found herself in the middle of the French sexual revolution, which utterly influenced her life and art: while it caused her unbearable pains in her private life, it freed her art and saturated it with eroticism.

Pictures of Violence
The essays in Pictures of Violence focus on the social influence and functions of crime and violence on TV. Lajos Császi’s article provides a general theoretical exploration of TV violence from historical, sociological, and cultural perspectives. Császi claims that genres of popular culture, such as the crime story, play an important role in modern society’s reproduction of its normative system and promotion of social integration. Crime stories serve as moral tales and purification rituals at the same time. The contents of these stories – the transgression of norms and its subsequent punishment – illuminate conflicts within the moral order of society.

The following two essays expand on different facets of the problems discussed by Császi. Stuart Hall’s paper asserts that it is necessary to broaden the scope of earlier ideological discourses on violence. Studies should focus not only on what effects TV violence has on the audience, but also on what is represented by violence, and who reacts to it negatively and why. John Sumser interprets the media as a stage on which the dramas of social life are presented through stylized forms of popular culture such as the crime story. At the end of his study, Sumser offers an annotated bibliography for further readings on the sociological problems concerning the media and popular culture. 
Female Roles
The four essays in this selection explore the social construction and the individual interiorization (or denial) of femininity and female roles. DeboraSilverman’s paper The “New Woman,” Feminism, and the Decorative Arts in Fin-de-Sie`cle France examines how the idealization of woman both as a decorative piece of art in her home and as the artist of the interior emerged as a response to the “new woman” regarded as subverting traditional female roles. Rather than a simply negative, antifeminist reaction, the modernist program of the feminization of the interior assigned a creative role to woman and cherished values of “republican familial feminism”.From literary works and interviews, Noémi Saly reconstructs the figure of Puella Classica, a controversial woman from the first decades of the twentieth century whose adventurous life involved different forms of deviance and conversions. Preserving much of contemporary language and the atmosphere of coffee-houses in the capital, Saly uses long quotations to illustrate how the prostitute and poor writer of fin-de-sie`cle Budapest turned into a religious matron professing a clearly Slovak national identity by the 1920s.

Éva Federmayer’s article explores how contemporary Hungarian popular magazines of home decoration and furnishing discursively produce a ‘bourgeois’ social identity where the term bourgeois refers to the world of order, financial security, and hope. These magazines reconstruct traditional gender differences by creating distinct ‘gendered’ spaces for men and women, and by giving rise to a timeless, mythic female figure responsible for the creation of a warm, familial atmosphere by the decoration of the interior.

In the last paper entitled Mothers and Daughters, Mária Neményi and Anna Kende analyze the social construction of female roles for two generations of Hungarian women in their mid-twenties and early fifties. In their empirical research based on interviews, the authors – themselves belonging to these two different generations – also explore individual ways in which women interiorize female roles and femininity. 
E-way: Society in the Computers
How do computers embody social relations? How do the construction and operation of computers and computer networks express social values and interests? In his article, László Ropolyi claims that while the construction of the computer represents modern interests and values, computer networks embody post-modern ideas.



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